ABSTRACT
Objective To summarize the key points of forensic medicine appraisal by retrospectively analyzing the scene.Methods The data of 193 homicide cases in a district of Weinan from 2007 to 2016 were collected and analyzed.Results The majority of the criminal suspect and victims was male,aged 21-40 years old,local,farmers and primary school educational level.Infringement was the majority criminal motivation (52.8％).The most common injuries tools were sharp instruments (63.8 ％);multiple parts damage accounted for 32.1 ％;mechanical injury induced hemorrhagic shock and craniocerebral injury were the most common causes of death in these cases (87.0％).Conclusions The demographic characteristics of suspects,criminal motivation,injury instruments,distribution of injuries and cause of death in the district of Weinan showed similar general characteristics,which could provide experience and reference for detecting homicide cases in the future.
ABSTRACT
Facial reconstruction for forensic sculpture aims to reproduce the face of an individual for identification. This technique is based on the knowledge of the facial soft-tissue thickness, which differs in terms of sexual dimorphism. However, in terms of asymmetry, the real significance of the soft-tissue thickness on both sides of the face is not considered to make an approximation of the morphofacial characteristics of an individual. This study analyzed the facial tissue thickness of 32 adult Spanish corpses of both sexes in six bilateral cephalometric landmarks through the needle puncture technique, comparing the measurements of right and left sides. No significant differences were found when comparing the soft-tissue thickness on the right and left sides in the total sample (p <0.05), or when comparing the values in men and women (p<0.05). The facial morphology is created by internal and external forces exerted on the soft tissue and influenced by their evolutionary development in vivo, where asymmetry parameters have a genetic and muscular determination, which in normal individuals do not represent a significant difference in the process of reconstruction of forensic sculpture, and can reliably standardize the entire information of facial thickness to the right or left side of the face.
La reconstrucción facial por escultura forense tiene por finalidad reproducir el rostro de un individuo para su identificación. Esta técnica se sustenta en el conocimiento del grosor del tejido blando facial; el cual presenta diferencias en términos de dimorfismo sexual. Sin embargo, en términos de asimetría, no se ha considerado la real significancia del espesor de tejido blando a ambos lados del rostro al realizar una aproximación de las características morfofaciales de un individuo. En este estudio se analizaron los grosores tisulares faciales de 32 cadáveres españoles adultos de ambos sexos en 6 puntos cefalométricos paramedianos bilateralmente mediante el método de punción por agujas, comparando las mediciones del lado derecho e izquierdo. No se encontraron diferencias significativas al comparar el espesor del tejido facial en el lado derecho e izquierdo en el total de la muestra (p<0,05), así como al comparar los valores en hombres y mujeres (p<0,05). La morfología facial es creada in vivo por fuerzas internas y externas ejercidas sobre el tejido blando e influenciada por su desarrollo evolutivo, donde parámetros de asimetría tienen una determinación genética y muscular, que en individuos normales no representan una diferencia significativa para el proceso de reconstrucción por escultura forense, pudiendo homologar de manera confiable la totalidad de la información del grosor facial del lado derecho o izquierdo del rostro.